Direct and Indirect Speech

Conhecido na língua portuguesa como discurso direto e indireto. Reported Questions ou Indirect Speech / Direct Speech.

Direct speech (discurso direto) – quando relatamos o que alguém disse, usando as mesmas palavras que a pessoa utilizou: She said, “I love you.”  Ela disse “eu te amo.”

Indirect speech ou Reported speech (discurso indireto) – quando relatamos o que foi dito com as nossas próprias palavras: She said (that) she loved me. Ela disse que me amava.

DIRECT	INDIRECT
Present Simple	Past Simple
Past Simple	Past Perfect - Had + Past Participle (terceira coluna)
Present Perfect  Had + Been	Past Perfect - Had + Past Participle (terceira coluna)
Present Continuous  Verb to be + ing	Past Continuous – past simple verbo be(was/were) + gerundio verbo principal (ing)
Past Continuous Was/were + ing	Past Perfect Continuous - Had + been + ing
Present Perf. Continuous Have/Has + Been + ing	Past Perfect Continuous - Had + been + ing
Future (Will)	Conditional (would)
Can (modal)	Could
May (modal)	Might
Must (modal)	Had to

•  Ao relatar wh - perguntas, você deve repetir a palavra wh. (you should repeat the wh word).
• Ao relatar perguntas sim/não, você deve usar IF. (you should use if)
• A ordem das palavras no reported question é diferente da ordem das palavras em uma pergunta direta. (Different from the word order in a direct question)
• Ao relatar reporting questions (questões) no passado simples, você deve usar had + past participle. (you should use had + past participle)

WH - QUESTIONS
Direct	What did you do at the weekend?    Past simple
Reported	I asked him what He had done at the weekend.    Had + past. Participle
YES/NO QUESTIONS
Direct	Did Susana go with you?    Past simple
Reported	I asked him if Susana had gone with him.   Past Perfect

Direct and Indirect Speech part 2

Exemplos:

Present simple ⇨ Past Simple

She said, ''it's cold'' - She said it was cold.

Past simple ⇨ Past Perfect

She said, ''I ate at the japanese restaurant yesterday'' - She said She had eaten at the japanese restaurant yesterday.

Present Perfect ⇨ Past Perfect

She said, ''I've been on the web since 2000'' - She said She had been on the web since 2000.

WH Question

He asked, ''Where do you live?'' - He asked me where I lived.

DIRECT SPEECH	INDIRECT SPEECH
This	That
Here	There
Now	Then
Tomorrow	The next day
Today	That day
Yesterday	The previous day / The day before
Last week	The week before / The previous week
Next month	The following month

DIRECT SPEECH	INDIRECT SPEECH
Tonight	That night
Last night	Previous night / The night before
Ago	Before
The day before yesterday	Two days before / Two days ago
The day after tomorrow	In two day's time